Abstracts:
Respiratory
and Asthmatic Effects
of Perfumes and Fragranced
Products
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| 1)
Inhalation challenge
effects of perfume scent strips in patients with asthma. 2) Placebo-controlled challenges with perfume in patients with asthma-like symptoms. 3) Effect of odors in asthma. 4) Natural ingredients based cosmetics. Content of selected fragrance sensitizers. 5) Functional imaging of effects of fragrances on the human brain after prolonged inhalation. 6) Neurotoxic fragrance produces ceroid and myelin disease. 7) EEG and ERP studies of low-level odor exposure in normal subjects. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 1)
Inhalation
challenge effects of perfume scent strips in patients with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 75(5):429-33 Kumar P; Caradonna-Graham VM; Gupta S; Cai X; Rao PN; Thompson J; 1995 Nov BACKGROUND: Perfume- and cologne-scented advertisement strips are widely used. There are, however, very few data on the adverse effects of perfume inhalation in asthmatic subjects. OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine whether perfume inhalation from magazine scent strips could exacerbate asthma. METHODS: Twenty-nine asthmatic adults and 13 normal subjects were included in the study. Histories were obtained and physical examinations performed. Asthma severity was determined by clinical criteria of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Skin prick tests with common inhalant allergens and with the perfume under investigation were also performed. Four bronchial inhalation challenges were performed on each subject using commercial perfume scented strips, filter paper impregnated with perfume identical to that of the commercial strips, 70% isopropyl alcohol, and normal saline, respectively. Symptoms and signs were recorded before and after challenges. Pulmonary function studies were performed before and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after challenges. RESULTS: Inhalational challenges using perfume produced significant declines in FEV1 in asthmatic patients when compared with control subjects. No significant change in FEV1 was noted after saline (placebo) challenge in asthmatic patients. The percent decline in FEV1 was significantly greater after challenge in severely asthmatic patients as compared with those with mild asthma. Chest tightness and wheezing occurred in 20.7% of asthmatic patients after perfume challenges. Asthmatic exacerbations after perfume challenge occurred in 36%, 17%, and 8% of patients with severe, moderate, and mild asthma, respectively. Patients with atopic asthma had greater decreases in FEV1 after perfume challenge when compared with patients with nonallergic asthma. CONCLUSIONS: Perfume-scented strips in magazines can cause exacerbations of symptoms and airway obstruction in asthmatic patients. Severe and atopic asthma increases risk of adverse respiratory reactions to perfumes. SN- 1081-1206 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 2)
Placebo-controlled
challenges with perfume in patients with asthma-like symptoms. Allergy 51(6):434-9 Millqvist E; Löwhagen O; 1996 June A group of nine patients with respiratory symptoms after nonspecific irritating stimuli, but without any IgE-mediated allergy or demonstrable bronchial obstruction, were referred to the asthma/allergy outpatient department for evaluation of suspected asthma. In order to find a provocation model and objectively assess these patients’ symptoms in controlled studies, provocation with perfume or placebo was performed. The same patients were also subjected to perfume provocation with or without a carbon filter mask to ascertain whether breathing through a filter with active carbon could prevent the symptoms. The patients breathed through the mouth during the provocations, as they used a nasal clamp to prevent any smell of perfume. We found that the patients’ earlier symptoms could be verified by perfume provocation. Breathing through the carbon filter had no protective effect. The conclusion is that symptoms suggesting hyperreactivity of the respiratory tract and asthma can be provoked by perfume without the presence of bronchial obstruction, and that using a carbon filter mask has no preventive effect. The symptoms are not transmitted via the olfactory nerve, since the patients could not smell the perfume, but they may have been induced by a trigeminal reflex via the respiratory tract or by the eyes. SN- 0105-4538 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 3)
Effect
of odors in asthma. Am J Med 80(1):18-22 AU- Shim C; Williams MH Jr; 1986 Jan Many patients complain that some odors worsen their asthma. Perfume and cologne are two of the most frequently mentioned offenders. Four patients with a history of worsening of asthma on exposure to cologne underwent challenge with a cologne, and their pulmonary function was tested before, during, and after the exposure. Forced expiratory volume in one second declined 18 to 58 percent below the baseline period during the 10-minute exposure and gradually increased in the next 20 minutes. Saline placebo pretreatment did not affect the response to subsequent challenge. Single-blind pretreatment with metaproterenol and atropine prevented decline in one-second forced expiratory volume in three of four patients and blunted the response in the other. Cromolyn sodium prevented decline in one of four, and occlusion of nostrils prevented decline in one of three. A survey of 60 asthmatic patients revealed a history of respiratory symptoms in 57 on exposure to one or more common odors. Odors are an important cause of worsening of asthma. SN- 0002-9343 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 4)
Natural ingredients based
cosmetics. Content of selected fragrance sensitizers. Contact Dermatitis 34( 6): 423-6 Rastogi SC; Johansen JD; 1996 Jun In the present study, we have investigated 42 cosmetic products based on natural ingredients for content of 11 fragrance substances: geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, isoeugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, alpha-amylcinnamic aldehyde, citral, coumarin, dihydrocoumarin and alpha-hexylcinnamic aldehyde. The study revealed that the 91% (20/22) of the natural ingredients based perfumes contained 0.027%-7.706% of 1 to 7 of the target fragrances. Between 1 and 5 of the chemically defined synthetic constituents of fragrance mix were found in 82% (18/22) of the perfumes. 35% (7/20) of the other cosmetic products (shampoos, creams, tonics, etc) were found to contain 0.0003- 0.0820% of 1 to 3 of the target fragrances. Relatively high concentrations of hydroxycitronellal, coumarin, cinnamic alcohol and alpha-amyl cinnamic aldehyde were found in some of the investigated products. The detection of hydroxycitronellal and alpha- hexylcinnamic aldehyde in some of the products demonstrates that artificial fragrances, i.e., compounds not yet regarded as natural substances, may be present in products claimed to be based on natural ingredients. SN- 0105-1873 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 5)
Functional imaging
of effects of fragrances on the human brain after prolonged inhalation.
Chem Senses 1994 Aug;19(4):359-64
Beside olfactory or trigeminal stimulation of chemosensory |
| 6)
Neurotoxic
fragrance produces ceroid and myelin disease. Science 1979 May 11;204(4393):633-5 Spencer PS, Sterman AB, Horoupian DS, Foulds MM
Acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin (AETT), a component of
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| 7)
EEG and
ERP studies of low-level odor exposure in normal subjects. Toxicol Ind Health 1994 Jul-Oct;10(4-5):579-86
Lorig TS
Evidence from four EEG/ERP experiments is presented.
MeSH Terms:
Human
Substances:
PMID: 7778116, UI: 95296964 |
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